Israel’s status as a prominent player in global health and security is undeniable. Yet, the fact that Israel has not ratified the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) raises significant concerns, particularly given its extensive research into diseases like monkeypox. As a nation with advanced scientific capabilities and a complex geopolitical

This means that while Israel has acknowledged the existence and importance of the BWC, it has not legally bound itself to its terms. In contrast, all other major countries, including those in the volatile Middle Eastern region such as Iran, have fully ratified the BWC